Madikeri, a picturesque hill station in Karnataka, has been recognised as the "cleanest city in the country" concerning PM10 pollution levels, according to a recent study assessing air quality under the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP). The study, conducted by the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA), analysed 25 cities in Karnataka that complied with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), with Madikeri standing out for its exemplary air quality.
Air Quality Insights from the Study
Madikeri recorded an annual PM10 concentration of 32 micrograms per cubic metre, well within the NAAQS limit but still twice the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended standards. The study emphasised that, while Madikeri sets a benchmark in cleanliness, India’s broader efforts to curb air pollution have significant gaps.
Out of 130 cities included in the NCAP, only 47 met the NAAQS, while a staggering 206 exceeded permissible pollution levels in 2024. Despite some improvements in 61 cities, PM10 concentrations remained above the NAAQS threshold. Alarmingly, 28 cities still lack continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations, and only 50 have initiated studies to identify pollution sources.
In a report published in DH, Manoj Kumar, a CREA analyst, highlighted the NCAP’s limitations, pointing out its focus on PM10 while overlooking PM2.5, which poses more severe health risks. He urged policymakers to address this critical gap by prioritising PM2.5 in future strategies.
Kodagu’s Tourism Boom: A Double-Edged Sword
Madikeri’s pristine environment is a testament to Kodagu’s natural bounty, which draws thousands of tourists annually. Known for its coffee plantations, lush greenery, and serene waterfalls, Kodagu is a haven for nature enthusiasts. However, the growing influx of tourists is taking a toll on its towns, including Madikeri.
The rising tourism has brought challenges like littering, deforestation, and pollution. Plastic waste has become a persistent issue, particularly in tourist hotspots such as Raja’s Seat and Abbey Falls. Many visitors leave behind garbage, which threatens the region’s fragile ecosystem. Deforestation for commercial establishments and unregulated construction is further straining Kodagu’s environment.
Additionally, increased vehicular emissions from tourist traffic are contributing to air and noise pollution. Roads in and around Madikeri often become clogged during peak seasons, impacting the region’s air quality and the quality of life for locals.
Preserving Kodagu’s Legacy
While Madikeri’s recognition as the cleanest city is commendable, maintaining this status requires proactive measures. Stricter regulations on waste management, eco-friendly tourism practices, and better enforcement of environmental laws are essential to ensure that Kodagu’s natural charm is preserved for generations to come. Tourists must also play their part by respecting local ecosystems and adopting sustainable travel habits.
Madikeri’s success serves as both an inspiration and a call to action to protect India’s fragile hill stations amidst the growing pressures of urbanisation and tourism.
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